Encuadres noticiosos en la cobertura de primeras damas: aportes teóricos y metodológicos
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Publicado:
may. 30, 2020
Palabras clave:
Encuadres noticiosos, primeras damas, comunicación política, modelo del encuadre noticioso, televisión, audiencias, programas
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Resumen
El trabajo presenta una propuesta teórico-metodológica con base en seis encuadres noticiosos para el análisis del tratamiento informativo hacia primeras damas. Se concluye que los medios están en una disyuntiva entre abordarlas tradicionalmente en su papel de mujer o a través de su figura política.
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Álvarez-Monsiváis, E. (2020). Encuadres noticiosos en la cobertura de primeras damas: aportes teóricos y metodológicos. Razón Y Palabra, 23(105). Recuperado a partir de https://www.revistarazonypalabra.org/index.php/ryp/article/view/1577
Sección
Monográfico
Citas
Aruguete, N. (2011). Framing. La perspectiva de las noticias. La Trama de la Comunicación, 15(1), 67-80. Recuperado de https://latrama.fcpolit.unr.edu.ar/index.php/trama/article/view/52/pdf
Beasley, M. H. (2005). First Ladies and the Press. The Unfinished Partnership of the Media Age Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Borrelli, M. (2002). Telling it slant: gender roles, power, and narrative style in the first ladies' autobiographies. Sex Roles, 47(7-8), 355-370. Recuperado de https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1021483131794.pdf
Burns, L. (2004). First Ladies as Political Women: Press Framing of Presidential Wives, 1900-2001. (Tesis doctoral). University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Butler, J. E. (2013). Professional First Ladies In the Media: Framing Of Clinton, Bush, and Obama In the Washington Post (Tesis de licenciatura). The University of Southern Mississippi: Mississippi, MS.
Colton, J. (2016). The First Lady of the United States: A Traditional Role in the Modern Era (Tesis de licenciatura). Duke University, Durham, NC.
Eksterowicz, A. J., & Roberts, R. N. (2008). First ladies: constitutional and job description problems?. Politics & Policy, 32(3), 412-433. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00190.x
Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Erickson, K., & Thomson, S. (2012). First Lady international diplomacy: performing gendered roles on the world stage. Southern Communication Journal, 77(3), 239-262. doi: 10.1080/1041794X.2011.647502
Finneman, T., & Thomas, R. J. (2014). First ladies in permanent conjuncture: Grace Coolidge and 'great' American womanhood in the New York Times. Women's Studies in Communication, 37(2), 220-236. doi: 10.1080/07491409.2014.911232
Goffman, E. (1979). Gender Advertisements. Nueva York: NY: Harper Press.
Guerrero Valencia, C. (2015). Una mirada al rol de la Primera Dama en América Latina. Hispanorama (150), 54-59. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/19098121/Una_mirada_al_rol_de_la_Primera_Dama_en_América_Latina
Gutin, M. G. (1989). The President's Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century. Nueva York, NY: Praeger.
Harmer, E. (2015). Public to private and back again: the role of politicians' wives in British election campaign coverage. Feminist Media Studies, 16(5), 852-868. doi: 10.1080/14680777.2015.1105841
Higgins, M., & Smith, A. (2013). ‘My husband; my hero’: selling the political spouses in the 2010 general election. Journal of Political Marketing, 12(2-3), 197-210. doi: 10.1080/15377857.2013.781473
Igartua, J. J., & Humanes, M. L. (2004). Teoría e Investigación en Comunicación Social. Madrid, España: Editorial Síntesis.
Igartua, J. J., Muñiz, C., & Cheng, L. (2005). La inmigración en la prensa española: Aportaciones empíricas y metodológicas desde la teoría del encuadre noticioso. Migraciones, 17, 143-181. Recuperado de: http://diarium.usal.es/jigartua/files/2012/07/Igartua-et-al-Migraciones-2005.pdf
Kalyango, Y., & Winfield, B. (2009). Rhetorical media framing of two first lady political candidates across cultures. Global Media Journal, 8(15), Recuperado de http://www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/rhetorical-media-framing-of-two-first-lady-political-candidates-across-cultures.pdf.
Karlsdóttir, K. S. (2015). The National Grandmother, the Co-President and the "Mom-in-Chief": Defining the Role and Characteristics of the "Typical" First Lady. (Tesis de licenciatura). Universidad de Islandia: Reikiavik, Islandia.
Kellerman, B. (1978). The political functions of the presidential family. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 8(3), 303-318. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27547410
Kuipers, G. (2015). From Wife to Presidential Partner: The Policy Agenda of the First Lady of the United States. (Tesis de Maestría). Leiden University: Leiden, Países Bajos.
Li, S. (2015). A Cross-national Comparison of News Coverage of Michelle Obama's Visit to China in American and Chinese Media. (Tesis de maestría), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
MacManus, S. A., & Quecan, A. F. (2008). Spouses as campaign surrogates: strategic appearances by presidential and vice presidential candidates' wives in the 2004 election. PS: Political Science & Politics, 41(2), 337-348. doi: 10.1017/S1049096508080529
Maj, E. (2016). Two oral histories of the two first ladies: Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson. Studia Angelica Posnaniensia, 50(2-3), 175-188. doi: 10.1515/stap-2015-0031
Marshall, S. E. (2008). Marilyn vs. Hillary: women's place in new right politics. Women & Politics, 16(1), 55-75. doi: 10.1300/J014v16n01_03
Matthews, D., Chaney, C., & Opiri, J. A. (2015). The Michelle Obama influence: an exploration of the first lady's fashion, style, and impact on women. Fashion and Textiles, 2(1). doi: 10.1186/s40691-015-0050-9
Mayo, E. P. (2000). Party politics: the political impact of the first ladies' social role. The Social Science Journal, 37(4), 577-590. doi: 10.1016/S0362-3319(00)00097-5
McCombs, M., & Ghanem, S. (2001). The convergence of agenda setting and framing. En S. Reese, O. Gandy Jr., & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing Public Life. Perspectives on Media and our Understanding of the Social World (pp. 67-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mortensen, T. (2015). Visually assessing the First Lady in a digital age: study of Michelle Obama as portrayed by journalists and the White House. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 36(1), 43-67. doi: 10.1080/1554477X.2015.985152
O'Connor, K., Nye, B., & Van Assendelft, L. (1996). Wives in the White House: the political influence of first ladies. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 26(3), 835-853. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551636
Rosebush, J. S. (1988). First Lady, Public Wife. Lanham, MD: Madison Brooks.
Shah, S. (2015). First Ladies in the Press: Analysis of New York Times coverage of Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, and Michelle Obama. (Tesis de honor), Syracuse University: Syracuse, NY.
Shoop, T. J. (2010). From Professionals to Potential First Ladies: How Newspapers Told the Stories of Cindy McCain and Michelle Obama. Sex Roles, 63(11), 807-819. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9858-3
Smith, K. (1997). The First Lady represents America: Rosalynn Carter un South America. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27(3), 540-548. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551767
Smith, N. K., & Carlin, D. B. (2016). First Lady Michelle Obama: the american dream endures. En K. A. S. Sibley (Ed.), A Companion to First Ladies (pp. 677-695). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Stoltz, E. A. (2013). "Beyond the pillow talk: how gender, media and politics shape the role and legacy of first ladies, 1961-2012". Paper presented at the The National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR), La Crosse, WI.
Thussu, D. K. (2002). News as Entertainment. Londres, Reino Unido: SAGE.
van Wyk, J.-A. (2017). The first ladies of Southern Africa: trophies or trailblazers?. Politikon, 44(1), 157-172. doi: 10.1080/02589346.2017.1279804
VanHorn, A. M. (2010). Candidate Wives: Spouses as Strategic Surrogates on the Presidential Campaign Trail (Tesis doctoral). Purdue University, Lafayette, IN.
Wachai, J. N. (2005). Journalistic Gender Stereotyping of First Ladies Laura Bush and Hillary Clinton. (Tesis de maestría). Egerton University: Njoro, Kenia.
Watson, R. P. (1997). The First Lady reconsidered: presidential partner and political institution. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27(4), 805-818. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551802
Watson, R. P. (2000). The Presidents' Wives: Reassessing the Office of First Lady. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
White, K. L. (2011). Michelle Obama: redefining the (White) House-wife. Thirdspace, 10(1). Recuperado de http://journals.sfu.ca/thirdspace/index.php/journal/article/view/white
Widlak, E. (2016). The First Lady: From the Kitchen to the Podium. How the gender equality revolution and the media forged a new political actor in democratic systems. (Doctorado en Comunicación), Universidat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España.
Winfield, B. H. (1997). The First Lady, political power and the media: who elected her anyway?. En P. Norris (Ed.), Women, Media, and Politics. Nueva York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Winfield, B. H., & Friedman, B. (2003). Gender politics: news coverage of the candidates' wives in campaign 2000. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 548-566. doi: 10.1177/107769900308000305
Zamora Medina, R., Berná Sicilia, C., & Martínez Martínez, H. (2014). La retórica emocional de la esposa del candidato: análisis lingüístico de los discursos de Michelle Obama y Ann Romney. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 20(1), 585-612. doi: 10.5209/rev_ESMP.2014.v20.n1.45250
Zeldes, G. A. (2009). Maverick, Escort or Style Setter - TV News Framing of Candidates' Spouses During the 2004 and 2008 Presidential Elections. Electronic News, 3(4), 193-213. doi: 10.1080/19312430903300012
Beasley, M. H. (2005). First Ladies and the Press. The Unfinished Partnership of the Media Age Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Borrelli, M. (2002). Telling it slant: gender roles, power, and narrative style in the first ladies' autobiographies. Sex Roles, 47(7-8), 355-370. Recuperado de https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1021483131794.pdf
Burns, L. (2004). First Ladies as Political Women: Press Framing of Presidential Wives, 1900-2001. (Tesis doctoral). University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Butler, J. E. (2013). Professional First Ladies In the Media: Framing Of Clinton, Bush, and Obama In the Washington Post (Tesis de licenciatura). The University of Southern Mississippi: Mississippi, MS.
Colton, J. (2016). The First Lady of the United States: A Traditional Role in the Modern Era (Tesis de licenciatura). Duke University, Durham, NC.
Eksterowicz, A. J., & Roberts, R. N. (2008). First ladies: constitutional and job description problems?. Politics & Policy, 32(3), 412-433. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00190.x
Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Erickson, K., & Thomson, S. (2012). First Lady international diplomacy: performing gendered roles on the world stage. Southern Communication Journal, 77(3), 239-262. doi: 10.1080/1041794X.2011.647502
Finneman, T., & Thomas, R. J. (2014). First ladies in permanent conjuncture: Grace Coolidge and 'great' American womanhood in the New York Times. Women's Studies in Communication, 37(2), 220-236. doi: 10.1080/07491409.2014.911232
Goffman, E. (1979). Gender Advertisements. Nueva York: NY: Harper Press.
Guerrero Valencia, C. (2015). Una mirada al rol de la Primera Dama en América Latina. Hispanorama (150), 54-59. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/19098121/Una_mirada_al_rol_de_la_Primera_Dama_en_América_Latina
Gutin, M. G. (1989). The President's Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century. Nueva York, NY: Praeger.
Harmer, E. (2015). Public to private and back again: the role of politicians' wives in British election campaign coverage. Feminist Media Studies, 16(5), 852-868. doi: 10.1080/14680777.2015.1105841
Higgins, M., & Smith, A. (2013). ‘My husband; my hero’: selling the political spouses in the 2010 general election. Journal of Political Marketing, 12(2-3), 197-210. doi: 10.1080/15377857.2013.781473
Igartua, J. J., & Humanes, M. L. (2004). Teoría e Investigación en Comunicación Social. Madrid, España: Editorial Síntesis.
Igartua, J. J., Muñiz, C., & Cheng, L. (2005). La inmigración en la prensa española: Aportaciones empíricas y metodológicas desde la teoría del encuadre noticioso. Migraciones, 17, 143-181. Recuperado de: http://diarium.usal.es/jigartua/files/2012/07/Igartua-et-al-Migraciones-2005.pdf
Kalyango, Y., & Winfield, B. (2009). Rhetorical media framing of two first lady political candidates across cultures. Global Media Journal, 8(15), Recuperado de http://www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/rhetorical-media-framing-of-two-first-lady-political-candidates-across-cultures.pdf.
Karlsdóttir, K. S. (2015). The National Grandmother, the Co-President and the "Mom-in-Chief": Defining the Role and Characteristics of the "Typical" First Lady. (Tesis de licenciatura). Universidad de Islandia: Reikiavik, Islandia.
Kellerman, B. (1978). The political functions of the presidential family. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 8(3), 303-318. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27547410
Kuipers, G. (2015). From Wife to Presidential Partner: The Policy Agenda of the First Lady of the United States. (Tesis de Maestría). Leiden University: Leiden, Países Bajos.
Li, S. (2015). A Cross-national Comparison of News Coverage of Michelle Obama's Visit to China in American and Chinese Media. (Tesis de maestría), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
MacManus, S. A., & Quecan, A. F. (2008). Spouses as campaign surrogates: strategic appearances by presidential and vice presidential candidates' wives in the 2004 election. PS: Political Science & Politics, 41(2), 337-348. doi: 10.1017/S1049096508080529
Maj, E. (2016). Two oral histories of the two first ladies: Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson. Studia Angelica Posnaniensia, 50(2-3), 175-188. doi: 10.1515/stap-2015-0031
Marshall, S. E. (2008). Marilyn vs. Hillary: women's place in new right politics. Women & Politics, 16(1), 55-75. doi: 10.1300/J014v16n01_03
Matthews, D., Chaney, C., & Opiri, J. A. (2015). The Michelle Obama influence: an exploration of the first lady's fashion, style, and impact on women. Fashion and Textiles, 2(1). doi: 10.1186/s40691-015-0050-9
Mayo, E. P. (2000). Party politics: the political impact of the first ladies' social role. The Social Science Journal, 37(4), 577-590. doi: 10.1016/S0362-3319(00)00097-5
McCombs, M., & Ghanem, S. (2001). The convergence of agenda setting and framing. En S. Reese, O. Gandy Jr., & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing Public Life. Perspectives on Media and our Understanding of the Social World (pp. 67-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mortensen, T. (2015). Visually assessing the First Lady in a digital age: study of Michelle Obama as portrayed by journalists and the White House. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 36(1), 43-67. doi: 10.1080/1554477X.2015.985152
O'Connor, K., Nye, B., & Van Assendelft, L. (1996). Wives in the White House: the political influence of first ladies. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 26(3), 835-853. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551636
Rosebush, J. S. (1988). First Lady, Public Wife. Lanham, MD: Madison Brooks.
Shah, S. (2015). First Ladies in the Press: Analysis of New York Times coverage of Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, and Michelle Obama. (Tesis de honor), Syracuse University: Syracuse, NY.
Shoop, T. J. (2010). From Professionals to Potential First Ladies: How Newspapers Told the Stories of Cindy McCain and Michelle Obama. Sex Roles, 63(11), 807-819. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9858-3
Smith, K. (1997). The First Lady represents America: Rosalynn Carter un South America. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27(3), 540-548. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551767
Smith, N. K., & Carlin, D. B. (2016). First Lady Michelle Obama: the american dream endures. En K. A. S. Sibley (Ed.), A Companion to First Ladies (pp. 677-695). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Stoltz, E. A. (2013). "Beyond the pillow talk: how gender, media and politics shape the role and legacy of first ladies, 1961-2012". Paper presented at the The National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR), La Crosse, WI.
Thussu, D. K. (2002). News as Entertainment. Londres, Reino Unido: SAGE.
van Wyk, J.-A. (2017). The first ladies of Southern Africa: trophies or trailblazers?. Politikon, 44(1), 157-172. doi: 10.1080/02589346.2017.1279804
VanHorn, A. M. (2010). Candidate Wives: Spouses as Strategic Surrogates on the Presidential Campaign Trail (Tesis doctoral). Purdue University, Lafayette, IN.
Wachai, J. N. (2005). Journalistic Gender Stereotyping of First Ladies Laura Bush and Hillary Clinton. (Tesis de maestría). Egerton University: Njoro, Kenia.
Watson, R. P. (1997). The First Lady reconsidered: presidential partner and political institution. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27(4), 805-818. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551802
Watson, R. P. (2000). The Presidents' Wives: Reassessing the Office of First Lady. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
White, K. L. (2011). Michelle Obama: redefining the (White) House-wife. Thirdspace, 10(1). Recuperado de http://journals.sfu.ca/thirdspace/index.php/journal/article/view/white
Widlak, E. (2016). The First Lady: From the Kitchen to the Podium. How the gender equality revolution and the media forged a new political actor in democratic systems. (Doctorado en Comunicación), Universidat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España.
Winfield, B. H. (1997). The First Lady, political power and the media: who elected her anyway?. En P. Norris (Ed.), Women, Media, and Politics. Nueva York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Winfield, B. H., & Friedman, B. (2003). Gender politics: news coverage of the candidates' wives in campaign 2000. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 548-566. doi: 10.1177/107769900308000305
Zamora Medina, R., Berná Sicilia, C., & Martínez Martínez, H. (2014). La retórica emocional de la esposa del candidato: análisis lingüístico de los discursos de Michelle Obama y Ann Romney. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 20(1), 585-612. doi: 10.5209/rev_ESMP.2014.v20.n1.45250
Zeldes, G. A. (2009). Maverick, Escort or Style Setter - TV News Framing of Candidates' Spouses During the 2004 and 2008 Presidential Elections. Electronic News, 3(4), 193-213. doi: 10.1080/19312430903300012