The new digital gaps: speed matters Las nuevas brechas digitales: la velocidad importa

Abstract

The present study analyses digital divides as a global challenge that impacts the economic and social development of countries, reinforcing the need to guarantee equitable access to technology as a universal right of all citizens. Its objective is to highlight the access gap—or first-level digital divide—which refers to the barriers that limit or restrict citizens’ access to the internet through electronic devices such as computers, tablets, scanners, and smartphones. The study takes into account factors such as internet penetration, gender-based digital divides, costs, and the speed of internet and mobile network connections. It emphasises the importance of this comparative documentary research on a global scale, supported by statistical data.

The findings reveal that one third of the world’s population currently lacks this benefit, placing these countries at a disadvantage in terms of economic development and leaving their populations lagging behind, thereby widening the gaps in access, use, and technological uptake. Among the conclusions, it was found that public wi-fi can unlock connectivity in areas where access remains limited, community networks are a viable option in underserved regions, and that governments bear the responsibility of enhancing the usefulness of digital applications and content to meet the basic needs of the population—ensuring quality service, affordability, speed, and reliability.